| 選讀布利西主教聖高登著作 | Ex Tractátibus sancti Gaudéntii Brixiénsis epíscopi (Tract. 2: CSEL 68, 26. 29-30) |
| 感恩祭是主的逾越 | Eucharistia, Pascha Domini |
| 基督獨自一人為眾人死了；也是祂自已在基督徒每個聚會中、在舉行餅酒的奧跡時，以自我犧牲再造我們，看我們對祂的信德而賜給我們生命，自作奉獻而聖化所有獻祭的人。 這是羔羊的肉，這是祂的血。因為那自天降下的食糧說：「我所要賜與的食糧就是我的肉，是為了把生命賜與世人。」祂的血以酒的外形來表示也很恰當：因為祂親自在福音中說：「我是真葡萄樹。」這話明白指出：為表現祂的苦難而奉獻的酒就是祂的血。聖祖雅各伯論及基督，曾預言說：「祂在酒中洗衣服，在葡萄汁中洗外衣。」就是說，祂要在自己的血中洗祂的衣服，也就是說，洗我們人性的身體。 基督就本性而論，是造物主和主，祂使大地產生食糧，祂又用這食糧做成祂自己的身體（因為祂能夠，也曾許諾）；祂又用水做成酒，用酒做成自己的血。 經上說：「這是主的巴斯卦」，就是說他的「越過」。你不要想，基督藉祂的「越過」而造成天上的實物，又用這天上的實物做成自己的體和血、這種效果只是塵世的。 你所領受的，就是以天上食糧做成的身體，就是從神聖的葡萄樹所流出的聖血。因為當祂把祝聖過的餅和酒遞給祂的門徒們時，曾對他們說：「這是我的身體；這是我的血。」我請求你們，要相信我們所曾信仰的那一位；祂是真理，不會說謊！ 當祂說到吃祂的肉，並喝祂的血時，羣眾大為驚奇，並且抗議說：「這話使人難以忍受，誰能聽得下去呢？」而且，為了以天上的火淨化這些思想──這是我曾對你們說過要避免的，祂又說：「使人生活的是神，肉身一無所能。我對你們所說的話就是神，就是生命。」 | Unus pro ómnibus mórtuus est; et idem per síngulas Ecclesiárum domos, in mystério panis ac vini, réficit immolátus, vivíficat créditus, consecrántes sanctíficat consecrátus. Hæc Agni caro, hic sanguis est. Panis enim, qui de cælo descéndit, ait: Panis, quem ego dabo, caro mea est pro sǽculi vita. Recte étiam vini spécie sanguis eius exprímitur, qui cum ipse in Evangélio dicit: Ego sum vitis vera, satis declárat sánguinem suum esse omne vinum, quod in figúra passiónis eius offértur; unde beatíssimus patriárcha Iacob de Christo prophetáverat, dicens: Lavábit in vino stolam suam, et in sánguine uvæ amíctum suum. Stolam quippe nostri córporis, induméntum suum, próprio erat sánguine ablutúrus. Ipse ígitur naturárum creátor et dóminus, qui prodúcit de terra panem, de pane rursus (quia et potest et promísit) éfficit próprium corpus; et, qui de aqua vinum fecit, fecit et de vino sánguinem suum. Pascha est, inquit, Dómini: hoc est tránsitus Dómini; ne terrénum putes quod cæléste efféctum est per eum qui transit in illud, et fecit illud suum corpus et sánguinem. Quod áccipis, corpus est illíus panis cæléstis, et sanguis est illíus sacræ vitis. Nam, cum panem consecrátum et vinum discípulis suis porrígeret, sic ait: Hoc est corpus meum; hic est sanguis meus. Credámus, quæso, cui credídimus; nescit mendácium véritas. Ideo cum de córpore suo manducándo et sánguine suo bibéndo turbis loquerétur stupéntibus ac mussitántibus: Durus est hic sermo, et quis eum potest audíre? ut abstérgeret per ignem cæléstem eas cogitatiónes, quas vitándas esse prædíxi, sic adiécit: Spíritus est qui vivíficat, nam caro nihil prodest. Verba, quæ ego locútus sum vobis, spíritus et vita sunt. |
From a treatise by Saint Gaudentius of Brescia, bishop
The Eucharist is The Lord's passover
One man has died for all, and now in every church in the mystery of bread and wine he heals those for whom he is offered in sacrifice, giving life to those who believe and holiness to those who consecrate the offering. This is the flesh of the Lamb; this is his blood. The bread that came down from heaven declared: The bread that I will give is my flesh for the life of the world. It is significant, too, that his blood should be given to us in the form of wine, for his own words in the gospel, I am the true vine, imply clearly enough that whenever wine is offered as a representation of Christ’s passion, it is offered as his blood. This means that it was of Christ that the blessed patriarch Jacob prophesied when he said: He will wash his tunic in wine and his cloak in the blood of the grape. The tunic was our flesh, which Christ was to put on like a garment and which he was to wash in his own blood.
Creator and Lord of all things, whatever their nature, he brought forth bread from the earth and changed it into his own body. Not only had he the power to do this, but he had promised it; and, as he had changed water into wine, he also changed wine into his own blood. It is the Lord’s passover, Scripture tells us, that is, the Lord’s passing. We are no longer to look upon the bread and wine as earthly substances. They have become heavenly, because Christ has passed into them and changed them into his body and blood. What you receive is the body of him who is the heavenly bread, and the blood of him who is the sacred vine; for when he offered his disciples the consecrated bread and wine, he said: This is my body, this is my blood. We have put our trust in him. I urge you to have faith in him; truth can never deceive.
When Christ told the crowds that they must eat his flesh and drink his blood, they were horrified and began to murmur among themselves: This teaching is too hard; who can be expected to listen to it? As I have already told you, thoughts such as these must be banished. The Lord himself used heavenly fire to drive them away by going on to declare: It is the spirit that gives life; the flesh is of no avail. The words that I have spoken to you are spirit and life.
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